Masters of the Kodak Six-16 – David Ostrowski
For those of us old enough to have used film cameras, it is becoming hard to recall the complexities involved. Even the most basic digital camera today can capture an almost unlimited number of perfectly exposed, sharply focused images with ease in almost any lighting situation – no matter the competence of the operator. We can share these images with the world almost instantaneously as well. However, back in the 1950s, most cameras had only manual settings for focus, exposure – and even film winding – all with rolls of film containing just a handful of frames and a sensitivity typically no higher than ASA 64 (ISO 64 in today’s parlance). Zoom lenses were almost unheard of, for the most part, and even telephoto lenses were a rarity too. So capturing even competent images with a camera in those days demanded technical excellence from the photographer. And this exercise was far, far harder when trying to photograph a moving object such as an aircraft. Sharing your images with fellow aviation enthusiasts involved an entirely different process too…
So it is worth looking back at those times to understand what it took for aviation photographers to excel and grow as a community. We are really pleased, therefore, to present the following article from A.Kevin Grantham, who describes how his close friend and mentor, David Ostrowski, a founding member of the
American Aviation Historical Society, made his way as a budding aviation photographer in St.Louis, Missouri during the 1950s using a typical camera of the day, the redoubtable Kodak Six-16…
MASTERS OF THE KODAK SIX-16 – DAVID OSTROWSKI
by A. Kevin Grantham
David Ostrowski is a man of many talents. He is an accomplished pilot, engineer, magazine editor, aviation historian, and avid collector of vintage desktop models. He is also an outstanding photographer, and in the early 1950s, he began his journey to becoming one of the MASTERS OF THE KODAK SIX-16 camera.
A fifteen-year-old Dave Ostrowski standing in front of a Missouri Air National Guard Douglas B-26C Invader (43-22676) at Lambert Field on March 19th, 1957. Dave recalls that this aircraft, with the nose art, “Stormy”, belonged to the unit’s commanding officer. Interestingly, this particular Invader eventually ended up with a civilian registration as N3709G with the Walter Quick Freeze Corp of the U.S. Virgin Islands. There is no record of it after 1976, however, so it likely ended up scrapped or parted out. (photo by David Ostrowski)
Growing up in St Louis, Missouri, Ostrowski was like many boys with a passion for aviation at the time; he built model airplanes and collected every aviation-related book and magazine article he could find. On Saturdays, when his Boy Scout troop visited nearby neighborhoods collecting paper to recycle, the young Ostrowski claimed dibs on any airplane magazine, especially World War II-era issues of Popular Science and Popular Mechanics. It was around this time when Ostrowski first met Bob Burgess, who had a similar passion for aviation; the two became lifelong friends.
“Bob and I met at a High School Science Fair where I had a display with a large scratch-built Convair XFY-1 ‘Pogo’ model I made,” said Ostrowski. “We were both delighted to meet someone else with a strong interest in airplanes. Before that, we thought we were the only guys on earth who were nuts about airplanes!” They teamed up with other boys in the area to form a group called simply The Airplane Club. “We would alternate meetings at each other’s house on Saturdays,” recalled Ostrowski, “…[and] occasionally would entice one of the parents to take us out to Lambert Field to look at airplanes.” In the meantime, club members began writing to aircraft manufacturers for information and photos of their products.
A copy of Royal Air Force Flying Review Magazine from June, 1955.
They also discovered a British aviation magazine titled Royal Air Force Flying Review (RAFFR) which, unlike its American counterparts, regularly featured articles highlighting aviation history. RAFFR also carried subscriber requests for pen pal partners worldwide. Looking back at that time from where we are today, with such instant access to virtually any person in the world, it’s hard to imagine the level of effort one once needed to connect with people sharing a similar interest. But that was how things used to be. Through their correspondence and club outings, Ostrowski and his friends developed a keen interest in photography.
Most of them used family cameras to begin with, as Ostrowski relates… “The first airplane photos I took were of the P-51s stationed at Scott Air Force Base. That was in 1953. I was thirteen years old. My dad drove onto the base, and we walked the flight line without anyone bothering us… a sharp contrast to the permissions needed today to access an active fighter base! Of course, the quality of my first negatives could have been better. I later learned that the more established photographers used higher-quality Kodak Six-16-style cameras. My mother took me to antique and camera stores in the St Louis area. We found a decent Six-16, which I later sold to my friend Bob Burgess after purchasing a Kodak Monitor… the same type of camera my pen pal William ‘Bill’ Larkins was using.”
Dave Ostrowski captured this image of Republic F-84F Thunderstreak 51-9413 at Scott Air Force Base on December 7th, 1958. This Thunderstreak belonged to the 110th Fighter Bomber Squadron of the Missouri Air Guard, then based at Lambert Field. If you look closely at the air intake, you will see nose art naming the aircraft as “Dragon Wagon”. Other 110th F-84Fs had names like “Miss Missouri,” “Short Shorts,” and “Jane.” The F-84F, at max gross weight on a hot day with the large external tanks shown here, was notorious for being a “lead sled” in such conditions and would use most of the 10,000-foot runway during takeoff! (photo by David Ostrowski)
For those who know little about the history of film photography, Kodak introduced its Six-16 film and camera format in 1932. The first Six in the name represented the number of exposures per roll of film. This was later increased to eight shots per roll, but the Six-16 moniker name was not changed for marketing purposes. This new 2.5 by 4.5-inch negative produced a usable contact print without needing an expensive enlarger. Kodak’s Six-16 camera was moderately economical but featured a high-quality 126-millimeter wide-angle lens which captured images on par with the more professional 4-inch by 5-inch cameras of the day. Aircraft and railroad enthusiasts loved the format, which soon became the standard for trading negatives. Kodak discontinued its Six-16-camera line in 1948 and phased out the film stock they used in the mid-70s.
A typical 1940s-era Kodak Six-16 camera. (image via Wikimedia)
In the heart of St.Louis, Lambert Field is presently the largest and busiest airport in all of Missouri. Even back in the 1950s, Lambert offered ample opportunities for aviation photographers. For starters, it was home to the Missouri Air National Guard, to Naval Air Station St.Louis, and the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation. But many airliners and general aviation types also passed through St. Louis. Capturing decent images of these aircraft with a Six-16 was no easy feat, as Ostrowski recalled: “To get a full frame shot of a taxiing aircraft with a Six-16 camera, you needed to be very close to the taxiway. There was a perfect spot next to the Ozark Air Lines hangar we frequently used for our photography outings. We walked out to the taxiway, took the photograph, and returned to the hangar.”
Ozark Air Lines was headquartered in St. Louis, so it was easy for The Airplane Club to keep up to date with developments at the carrier. This image shows the new “modern” (and uninspiring) green Ozark markings on a Douglas DC-3 at Lambert on February 21, 1960. The red nose and wingtip markings which this DC-3 bears were probably a carryover from its previous service with Northwest. This particular airframe started out as a The U.S. Army Air Forces originally took this aircraft on strength in May, 1944 as C-47A-90-DL 43-15729. It served with Ozark Air Lines as N150D between October 1st, 1958 and June 6th, 1962, ending up withdrawn from use in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in 1980. Oddly enough, another C-47, this being C-47-DL 41-18401, presently operates with the same civil registration (N150D) which is due to the now-moribund Ozark Air Lines Museum selecting to memorialize that identity when they initially purchased ‘401 in 2001. (photo by David Ostrowski)
Continuing, Ostrowski noted: “Some Navy reserve pilots got so used to us that they would stop their airplanes, let us get our pictures, and then be on their way! We got to be good with our manual Six-16 cameras. You learned how to judge distance for a sharp focus and developed a feeling for tracking a moving airplane using the waist-high viewfinder, which was no bigger than your thumbnail. It was an easy camera to use once you got used to it.”
The Six-16 cameras had a wide-angle lens. This photo of a McDonnell F2H-2 Banshee 123240 is an example of the kind of images which Ostrowski took at his favorite spot for photography within Lambert Field – the taxiway adjacent to the main runway towards the West end of the runway. The taxiway’s edge is visible in this photo, indicating just how near club members had to get to it to capture a full-frame image of a fighter-size airplane like the Banshee. Ostrowski recalled, “There was no fence around the airport in this area, and we would wait behind the Ozark Airlines Hangar out of view from the tower, then walk out to the edge of the taxiway (never onto the taxiway), quickly take our pictures, and walk back behind the hangar. Amazingly, we were never chased away or stopped from taking pictures at this location!” (photo by David Ostrowski)
The Lambert Field negatives that Ostrowski began trading with other aviation photographers eventually caught the attention of Major Eugene “Gene” Sommerich.
Gene Sommerich, a St Louis native, was an Air Force fighter pilot who flew P-38s in World War II and F-86s in Korea. In 1953, he also flew the MiG-15 that North Korean pilot No Kum-Sok used to escape to South Korea. “Gene Sommerich was my early mentor,” recalled Ostrowski. “He was a well-known Six-16 shooter and was interested in the images I took around Lambert Field. He looked at my negatives and suggested how I could improve my photography. I regret not meeting Gene in person, but I have never forgotten his kindness, which I have paid forward to many younger photographers over the years.”
Occasionally an unusual civilian visitor would pass through Lambert Field. This deHavilland Mosquito B.Mk.35 (CF-HMM) from the Canadian aerial survey company, Spartan Air Services Ltd, was just one such example. The Airplane Club members were thrilled to see a real Mosquito and hear its famous Merlin engines. The building in the background is the old Airline Terminal which was no longer in use for such purposes at the time this image was captured (May 1957). This particular mosquito served in Britain’s Royal Air Force as TK623, although it arrived too late to see service in WWII. Sadly, it crashed shortly after taking off from Cuidad Trujillo airfield in the Dominican Republic on March 27th, 1960, taking the lives of the two crew members aboard. (photo by David Ostrowski)
Sommerich instructed the budding Six-16 shooter in removing and adequately cleaning the camera’s lens for sharper images. He also suggested modifying the camera’s winding knob. Dave Ostrowski relates, “You only get eight shots per film roll, and many times you needed to shoot quickly to get the shot. Kodak designed the Monitor with a flush-mounted film winding knob, making it difficult to grasp when advancing the film rapidly. This limitation was overcome by simply inverting the knob, which raised it about a quarter of an inch off the camera’s body.”
Photographing the Missouri Air National Guard’s Douglas Invaders at Lambert was always very interesting. Most of them were painted in gloss black with red trim and markings, but they featured a variety of different nose and armament configurations. Some of them had names, like “Boots II” (shown here on March 10th, 1957), “Toots”, and “Stormy”. The MO ANG parking area was covered with PSP (Pierced Steel Planking) left over from WWII. The example pictured here, A-26B 41-39486, still survives and was listed for sale as a restoration project in recent years. (photo by David Ostrowski)
By 1956, sixteen-year-old David Ostrowski was fairly well-established in aviation photography. That same year, the now legendary aviation photographer Bill Larkins sent him a letter asking him to join an organization he was forming named the
American Aviation Historical Society (AASH). As member number 27, Ostrowski is a lifelong AAHS supporter.
McDonnell conducted most of the testing for their XV-1 Convertiplane at Smartt Field, a small airport west of St. Louis. They kept the aircraft inside a hangar most of the time, and the tight security made it difficult to get closeup images of the airframe with a 6-16 camera. Ostrowski finally got to photograph XV-1 53-4016 at the Mid-America Jubilee on the St. Louis riverfront during September 1956. McDonnell only built two examples of this experimental, high speed helicopter. The aircraft pictured here is now on display at the Museum of Army Aviation at Fort Rucker in Alabama. Interestingly, the other XV-1, 53-4017, became the first rotary wing aircraft to exceed 200mph. That airframe presently belongs to the Smithsonian’s National Air & Space Museum. (photo by David Ostrowski)
The 110th Fighter Bomber Squadron of the Missouri Air National Guard transitioned from B-26s to jets with a few Lockheed T-33s and F-80s, like this F-80C Shooting Star, which Ostrowski photographed on the TWA ramp at Lambert Field on July 4th, 1957. Interestingly, Korean War ace (and POW), Harold Fischer, is known to have flown this particular aircraft, 44-85135 (originally built as a P-80A, but later upgraded to F-80C status). (photo by David Ostrowski)
After High School, Ostrowski attended the famous Parks Air College in East Saint Louis. He then had a long and exciting career working for the Army Aviation Command Systems (St. Louis), Naval Air Test (Patuxent River, Maryland), The Army Material Command (Alexandria, Virginia) and finally, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in Washington, DC. Upon retirement from the FAA, he became the Editor for the highly regarded
Skyways magazine [not be confused with the in-flight entertainment publication]. Along the way, he collected all things aviation. He is also well known for his generosity in helping other aviation enthusiasts pursue their interests. When asked about his fond memories of being a Six-16 photographer, Ostrowski remarked contentedly,
“It was an excellent way to get to know many good people who became friends for life.”
Today David Ostrowski is busy organizing the small mountain of Six-16 negatives he exposed and received in trades. He intends to donate this material to various institutions so that future generations can gain understanding for what it was like to be one of the
MASTERS OF THE KODAK SIX-16
Author’s Note: The inspiration for this piece came from Brian Baker’s article The 616 Camera Aircraft Photographers, which appeared in the January 2017 issue of BEAM magazine. I hope that the Vintage viation News readership will help further document the many unsung photographers who helped capture our rich aviation history. – A.Kevin Grantham
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