Yes, you can. BUT, you have to make sure the 150 will fit on your stock rim; some will and some won't. Some are too wide for the stock rim. What brand are you considering? I thought about a 150 but decided to stick with the 140. I like the way the 140 handles.
Dunlop GT501s (with a 150X70-17 on the rear) is the one most used by those running a 150 in the rear.
Avon Roadriders also seem to work well.